Important Events

Rákóczi’s War of Independence was the first major struggle for freedom of Hungary, liberated from Ottoman rule, against Habsburg absolutism.

The Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812 was one link in a series of wars between the Russian and Ottoman empires.

The Treaty of Tordesillas was a compromise signed in the town of Tordesillas -located in the current province of Valladolid, Spain-, on June 7, 1494, between the representatives of Isabella and Ferdinand, kings of Castile and Aragon, on the one hand, and those of King John II of Portugal, on the other.

The Council of Florence was an ecumenical council of bishops and other clergy of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations, People’s Spring or the Year of the Revolution, were a series of political upheavals across Europe in 1848.

The eruption of Krakatoa in 1883 was a cataclysmic volcanic eruption in the Dutch East Indies that changed the face of the archipelago where Krakatoa, a gray volcano in the Pacific Ring of Fire, is located in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java.

Sputnik-1, initially baptized Iskusstvenni Sputnik Zemli and then spelled Esputinique-1, was the first artificial satellite, that is, the first object put into orbit around a celestial body, in this case the Earth.

The Little Ice Age was a period of relatively cool climate from the beginning of the 15th century.

The Second Berber War, also known in historiography as the Algerian War, was the second of two armed conflicts that occurred in the early 19th century between the United States and the nominally subordinate North African city-states of the Ottoman Empire: Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis, generally referred to as the Berber States.

The Golden Bull is an imperial code written in document form that was the most important of the “fundamental laws” of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356 onward.